Systematic literature review on optimizing physical activity for HIV and chronic conditions

Introduction: Physical activity is essential for health promotion, particularly for individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, COPD, and rheumatoid arthritis. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing research on the benefits, risks, recommended types, guidelines, and dosing of physical activity for individuals with these chronic conditions. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, we included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, longitudinal studies, and cross-sectional studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English. Data sources included PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Search terms focused on physical activity and chronic conditions, using Boolean operators for comprehensive coverage. The risk of bias was assessed with the JBI Critical Appraisal tool, and evidence strength was evaluated using the GRADE framework. Results: Physical activity significantly reduces cardiometabolic disease risk, improves strength, cardiovascular health, and enhances immune function in individuals with chronic conditions. Effective regimens include combined aerobic and resistance training, cardiorespiratory exercises, and home-based programs. However, resistance exercises can increase inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, necessitating tailored programs and medical supervision to ensure safety. Conclusion: Physical activity offers substantial health benefits for individuals with chronic conditions like HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, COPD, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides evidence-based guidelines for healthcare providers to optimize physical activity interventions, emphasizing individualized prescriptions to maximize benefits and minimize risks.