Implementation of Nature-Based Biofilm Carriers for Sustainable Bioremediation: A Novel MBBR Approach to Treat Fishery Effluents in the Greater Casablanca Region

<p>Fish processing industries produce large volumes of organic-rich effluents, especially in coastal cities such as Casablanca. This study examines the performance of a nature-based Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) using <em>Penicillium chrysogenum</em> and <em>Umbrina roncador</em> fish scales as natural biofilm carriers. The reactor included two compartments: one for biological treatment and one for settling. Real fishery wastewater (20 L/day) was treated for 72 hours under controlled conditions. The system achieved notable removal rates: 82.5% for BOD₅, 72.9% for COD, 65.4% for suspended solids, and 36.1% for total phosphorus. Kaldnes K3 carriers were tested in parallel. These showed greater nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Natural carriers performed better for BOD₅ and suspended solids. The findings confirm the feasibility of using fish scales as low-cost, sustainable supports in biological treatment. This approach supports circular economy principles and contributes to SDGs 6 and 12.</p>