IMAP (Ultra), You Map, We All Map Cost Savings to Heritage

The concept of design reuse in space hardware has existed for decades. Many spacecraft and instruments being developed today can be traced back to heritage designs from previous missions. There are many reasons a team may choose to reuse previous designs, with one of the major drivers being cost savings. In a competitive setting, proposals often claim cost savings from heritage. But what exactly does this mean? Can this cost savings be quantified in a more methodical and systematic way? What properties must be fulfilled for heritage to result in meaningful cost savings? This paper will lay the ground work to begin building a framework to quantify design reuse for instruments through an in-depth study of historical Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (JHU/APL) instrument designs and their heritage. To quantify reuse, the paper will analyze the Lucy LOng Range Reconnaissance Imager (L'LORRI) which claims heritage from the New Horizons Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI), the Psyche Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) which claims heritage from the MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging) GRNS, and the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) Mars-moon Exploration with GAmma rays and NEutrons (MEGANE) which claims heritage from Psyche GRNS. Furthermore, the paper will focus on the IMAP (Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe) Ultra instrument in depth. IMAP Ultra is nearly identical to the Jovian Energetic Neutrals and Ions (JENI) instrument on the European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission. In this paper, we will evaluate IMAP Ultra's cost savings from design reuse and evaluate what factors are most beneficial to heritage cost savings seen in historical APL instruments.