Exploring Arduino Board Applications in Embedded Systems: The Role of AI, Cloud Computing, and Edge Computing

Arduino is an open-source microcontroller system that has been widely used in the development of various electronic projects because it is simple to use and many resources are available. The Arduino boards are connected to digital and analog pins which can easily be connected to sensors and actuators therefore suggested for both home and professional use. It has gained popularity and is currently used in industries, schools, and laboratories because of its versatility. This paper is a comprehensive review of articles on applications of Arduino and its evolution in different areas of life. It also presents an overview of the applications of Arduino in automation, the Internet of Things, mobile robots, and environmental engineering among others. In addition, the paper explains how to interface sensors, and the communication protocols such as I2C, SPI, and UART. This paper also discusses how novel emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Edge Computing, and Cloud Computing are increasing the capabilities of Arduino-based systems. AI offers smarter decision-making and automation, while Cloud Computing provides processing power, remote access, and storage. Edge Computing increases response time and efficiency by handling information nearer to the source. The combination of these technologies with Arduino enhances its usability in intricate embedded system applications. The implementation and use of Arduino libraries are discussed in depth, emphasizing their role in simplifying tough tasks and promoting innovation.