Factors associated with the intention to vaccinate and price sensitivity to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among Chinese male medical college students: a cross-sectional survey

HL levels directly increased HPV vaccination intentions, and PSM analysis revealed the nine-valent vaccine's market price exceeded the acceptable price range, contrasting with the affordability-aligned quadrivalent vaccine. Interventions should prioritize HL programs and cost-reduction strategies (<i>e.g.</i>, subsidies for the nine-valent vaccine), while addressing nonprice barriers (including family history of cancer, moderate daily exercise and peer influence networks), particularly for the quadrivalent vaccine.