Thoughts, experiences, and perceived barriers of visually impaired women on breast self-examination: A qualitative descriptive study

We determined the thoughts, experiences, and perceived barriers of visually impaired women regarding BSE. The sample of this qualitative study consisted of 15 women with visual impairment. We identified four main themes after performing a thematic analysis: 'preventive approaches to breast health', 'thoughts on BSE', 'implementation of BSE' and 'barriers to BSE'. We found that women with visual impairment perform BSE, although not regularly, to protect their breast health, and that this examination is very important for early diagnosis. Half of these women did not undergo BSE regularly or accurately. Furthermore, the most significant barriers to BSE among these women were lack of knowledge, inability to recognize visual changes, barriers in health services, youth, fear, and lack of any breast problems. Results reflect that the BSE was challenging for women with visual impairment, and highlight the need to develop specific training programs for BSE.