The quadruple helix model in practice: co-creating NBS requires novel governance approaches

Abstract Navigating multifaceted transformation processes in cities demands innovative, integrated and collaborative approaches. In this perspective, we argue that the transformative impact of Nature-based Solutions (NBS) on post-industrial communities requires equal collaboration of stakeholder networks anchored in planning and trans-disciplinary processes. Our emphasis is on the complex, non-linear co-creation process embedded with social and technical innovations. Living Labs serve as real life settings to successfully test NBS in participatory planning processes to address complex urban spatial, social, ecological and economic challenges. We reflect on the challenges of co-creation, presenting impediments and mitigation strategies enacted by the transdisciplinary research project productive Green Infrastructure for post-industrial urban regeneration (proGIreg) based on the quadruple helix model. Such local multi-stakeholder partnerships, often adapted to specific NBS context, can bridge different interests and communication cultures while generating effective collaboration in addressing common urban challenges. The narrative of this perspective underscores the conversion of risks and challenges into opportunities, showcasing innovative collaboration impact not only at the NBS execution level but also its potential to induce a rather needed paradigm shift in urban planning approaches. Transformative change that centers on the willingness for open processes and self-(co-) governance models holds the promise of extending to the integration of NBS and co-creation within the planning culture, urban planning frameworks and climate action plans of public authorities while activating the civil society. We regard these as key drivers for NBS uptake and acceptance and aim at influencing necessary policy changes at different levels to embrace new forms of cooperation.