Systemic Cognitive Mechanisms of Personality Development

Introduction. The solution of the problem of personality development as a fundamental problem of world psychology in Russian Soviet psychology was based on a dialectical approach. Despite the fact that the application of the law of dialectics to the cognitive mechanisms of personality development can be found in the works of J. Piaget, it remains unclear what the genesis of dialectical mental actions is, which, manifesting themselves in early childhood, are not given from birth. To understand the genesis of "dialectical mental actions" and their research, it is advisable to turn to the idea of A. V. Petrovsky and V. A. Petrovsky on the separation of "the need to be a person" and "the ability to be a person" as a dialectical basis for personality development. The aim of the study is to develop a descriptive model of the genesis of systemic cognitive mechanisms of personality development. Materials and methods. The research materials are publications by foreign and domestic authors, which present the theories and concepts underlying the development of a descriptive model of the genesis of systemic cognitive mechanisms of personality development: the implementation of a dialectical approach to the study of the cognitive sphere of personality in Russian psychology; the study of cognitive development in phylogeny; the study of cognitive development in ontogenesis; mapping cognitive processes in theories of personality development. Theoretical research methods were used: theoretical analysis, comparison and generalization of materials, their systematization and description of the genesis of systemic cognitive mechanisms of personality development, including human qualities as a system, systemic cognitive mechanisms, the need factor and the image of reality. Results. Based on the dialectical approach, the characteristics of a person, environment, and their interaction were clarified. The concept of "systemic cognitive mechanisms" is clarified and their working definition is proposed as a functional structure of the cognitive sphere that promotes information processing and organizes, in unity with regulatory and incentive mechanisms, human interaction with the environment to ensure its vital activity. Based on the refined system-dialectical approach, a model of the genesis of systemic cognitive mechanisms of personality development was proposed, including parameters of human qualities as a system, systemic cognitive mechanisms, a need factor, and an image of reality. The genesis in this case reflects the origin and gradual complication of systemic cognitive mechanisms as the transition from the individual to the subject and from him to the personality. This complication occurs in the context of a change in the need factor and the transformation of the image of reality. Discussion and conclusions. Human development in ontogenesis manifests itself in the form of a fractal complication of human qualities: an individual, a subject of an object game, a subject of a role-playing game, a subject of a plot-role game, a subject of learning, a subject of communication, a subject of work, personality. At each stage of ontogenesis, systemic cognitive mechanisms implement ways of reconciling reality with actual needs that are characteristic of each human quality. The main direction of the change in the need factor is the transition from the homeostatic interaction of the individual with reality to the actualizing interaction of the subject and, further, to the self-actualization of personality. The transformation of systemic cognitive mechanisms of personality development occurs on the basis of innate and obligate behaviors in the direction of differentiation of acquired behaviors, complication of their functional structure due to hierarchy and the appearance of cognitive neoplasms, which manifest themselves in the forms of sensorimotor, emotional, social, academic, practical intelligence, success intelligence and, as a result, what can be designated as the "intelligence of life success", which allows individuals to implement life strategies in the process of life creation.