Electrocatalysis in green energy systems: From hydrogen production to CO2 reduction

Electrocatalysis plays a vital role in the transition to green energy by enabling efficient conversion and storage processes essential for a sustainable future. This study explores the application of electrocatalysis in two key areas: hydrogen production through water electrolysis and the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into useful fuels and chemicals. Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, and CO₂ reduction, as a carbon mitigation strategy, both depend on advanced electrocatalysts to improve reaction rates, selectivity, and energy efficiency. The research highlights recent advancements in catalyst design, particularly nanomaterials, single-atom catalysts, and defect-engineered surfaces. It also addresses challenges such as catalyst stability, high overpotentials, and industrial scalability. Emphasis is placed on integrating renewable energy sources with electrocatalytic systems to enhance sustainability. The study underscores electrocatalysis as a transformative technology that can bridge the gap between renewable energy generation and its practical utilization, advancing global decarbonization goals.