Exploring the relationship between intellectual capital and firm value: Evidence from the Indonesian banking sector

Intellectual capital has become a critical driver of firm value in the global shift toward a knowledge-based economy. Extensive research has explored intellectual capital, but most have used short periods, focused on broad industries, or combined all components into a single measure. Thus, to fill those gaps, this study empirically examines the relationship between intellectual capital components and firm value in the Indonesian banking sector. This study used proxies of human, innovation, customer, and process capital to offer insights into how intangible assets influence performance. Using multiple linear regression techniques, the analysis was based on panel data from banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2001-2022. The results revealed that innovation and customer capital are significantly associated with firm value, which aligns with resource-based theory. Only the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) significantly affects control variables. Innovation and customer capital are vital to firm value, while human and process capital are not. This finding highlights the need for bank managers and investors to prioritize intangible assets, especially innovation and customer relationships when evaluating and enhancing firm value.