Cross-Scale Hypergraph Neural Networks with Inter–Intra Constraints for Mitosis Detection

Mitotic figures in tumor tissues are an important criterion for diagnosing malignant lesions, and physicians often search for the presence of mitosis in whole slide imaging (WSI). However, prolonged visual inspection by doctors may increase the likelihood of human error. With the advancement of deep learning, AI-based automatic cytopathological diagnosis has been increasingly applied in clinical settings. Nevertheless, existing diagnostic models often suffer from high computational costs and suboptimal detection accuracy. More importantly, when assessing cellular abnormalities, doctors frequently compare target cells with their surrounding cells-an aspect that current models fail to capture due to their lack of intercellular information modeling, leading to the loss of critical medical insights. To address these limitations, we conducted an in-depth analysis of existing models and propose an Inter-Intra Hypergraph Neural Network (II-HGNN). Our model introduces a block-based feature extraction mechanism to efficiently capture deep representations. Additionally, we leverage hypergraph convolutional networks to process both intracellular and intercellular information, leading to more precise diagnostic outcomes. We evaluate our model on publicly available datasets under varying imaging conditions, and experimental results demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms baseline models in terms of accuracy.