Prevention Of Postoperative Atelectasis In Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: The Role Of Doctors, Physiotherapists And Nurses.

Bariatric surgery has been consolidated as an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of severe obesity and its metabolic comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. This study aimed to describe the main historical milestones of bariatric surgery, investigate the technological advances that made the transition from open to laparoscopic approaches possible, evaluate the metabolic effects of the procedure, identify the interdisciplinary role of health teams and analyze the current guidelines that have expanded its indications. A narrative review of the literature showed that surgical techniques have evolved significantly, with emphasis on gastric bypass and vertical gastrectomy, which show remission rates of DM2 of over 60%. The advent of laparoscopy and robotic platforms has reduced hospital stays and post-operative complications. In addition, the fundamental role of doctors, nurses and physiotherapists in the comprehensive monitoring of patients stands out. The most recent guidelines have broadened the indication criteria to include patients with a BMI between 30 and 35 kg/m² and refractory metabolic diseases. In conclusion, bariatric surgery is a safe, effective and multidimensional intervention whose success depends on the integration of technical advances and an interdisciplinary approach.