Enzymolysis-Driven Development of a Gut-Targeted Aronia melanocarpa Meal Replacement Powder with Glycemic Control and Microbial Homeostasis Benefits

In this study, the effects of enzymolysis on physicochemical properties, digestive characteristics, and flora regulation of the meal replacement powder (MRP) were investigated on the basis of the previously obtained compound MRP. The results showed that the color, water absorption index, and water solubility index of the MRP were obviously improved after enzymatic hydrolysis. The swelling power (1.43 ± 0.11 g/g, 25 °C) and water-holding capacity (4.66 ± 0.09 g/g) of the MRP (CE_1) were decreased, while the oil holding capacity (2.14 ± 0.13 g/g) was increased. In the microcosmic aspect, the samples treated by enzymolysis had different degree of degradation, the particle size decreased (D50 = 57.71 μm), and the specific surface area (679.2 cm²/g) increased. The MRP samples treated by enzymolysis had better antioxidant capacity and cholate adsorption capacity. All MRP samples belong to low glycemic index (GI) foods, and can improve gut microbiota (<i>Megamonas</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Rocheella</i>, <i>Parasatre</i>, <i>Koalabacterium</i>, and <i>Prasus</i>) and promote the production of short chain fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. Therefore, this study not only further expands the comprehensive utilization of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, but also provides a reference for the diversification of low GI related products.