Evaluation of ¹⁹⁸Au Nanoparticles Coated with Gum Arabic for Prostate Cancer: A Contextual Comparison with BSA-Coated

Prostate cancer, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men, requires safer and more effective therapeutic approaches. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy to optimize therapeutic agent distribution and reduce adverse effects of conventional treatments. This study presents the development and evaluation of radioactive gold nanoparticles (¹⁹⁸AuNPs) coated with gum arabic (GA) for prostate cancer treatment. While BSA-coated nanoparticles have been previously studied by our group, demonstrating therapeutic effectiveness, stability, and biocompatibility, the current work focuses exclusively on the GA formulation, which features a distinct synthesis protocol. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays with ¹⁹⁸AuNPs-GA demonstrated good stability, low toxicity in nontumor cells, tumor retention, and reduced tumor growth in animal models. References to BSA are included only for contextual comparison. These findings support the feasibility of gum arabic-coated ¹⁹⁸AuNPs and offer new insights for enhancing future clinical strategies.