An imidazolium dication affords a stable UWY-like zeolite and enables a subtle structure direction towards EMM-17
Zeolites with interconnected medium (10Ring) and large (12R) pores, such as the <b>UWY</b> framework type, hold significant potential for catalysis but may suffer from instability due to a high germanium content required for their synthesis. Addressing this limitation, we report the synthesis of HPM-9, a novel <b>UWY</b>-like germanosilicate zeolite, utilizing 1,1'-(1,8-octanediyl)bis(3-methylimidazolium) (8BMI) as the organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) in fluoride media. HPM-9 achieves significantly lower germanium content (Ge<sub>f</sub> = Ge/(Ge + Si) down to 0.14) compared to the original IM-20 (Ge<sub>f</sub> = 0.3), resulting in markedly improved stability upon calcination and exposure to water. Structural analysis using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (SPXRD) suggested disorder and DIFFaX simulations revealed that HPM-9 exhibits minimal stacking faults along the <i>a</i>-axis, corresponding to an intergrowth with a polymorph where double four-membered rings (<i>d4r</i>) are partially replaced by single four-membered rings (<i>s4r</i>), likely driven by the reduced Ge content. Furthermore, decreasing the Ge content further (Ge<sub>f</sub> ≤ 0.05) subtly shifts the structure direction towards EMM-17, a zeolite featuring interconnected 11R and 10R pores. <sup>19</sup>F MAS NMR suggests the presence of <i>d4r</i> units in the synthesized EMM-17, and we propose a mechanism where the less stable <i>d4r</i>-containing polymorph C nucleates first, templating the subsequent growth of <i>d4r</i>-free polymorphs A and B by epitaxial intergrowth. Comparative studies with analogous OSDAs (7BMI and 9BMI) confirmed the optimal linker length of 8BMI for directing towards stable <b>UWY</b> structures. The enhanced stability of HPM-9 opens avenues for the practical application of <b>UWY</b>-type zeolites in catalysis.
Authors
- Zihao Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-3515)
- Álvaro Blanco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0015-4873)
- Peng Lü (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9773-3993)
- Miguel Á. Camblor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-3432)
- Huajian Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-4444)
Institutions
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ES)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Dalton Transactions
- Published
- 2025-01-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d5dt01413a
- Primary Topic
- Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- China Scholarship Council
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación