Criticism and Transcendence: A Comparative Study of the Thoughts of Alienation of Marx and Hess

德国社会主义研究名家弗朗兹·梅林曾指出“赫斯既不缺少天赋，也不缺少勤奋，甚至不缺公直和正派；他在那些日子里，有时似乎是恩格斯与马克思结盟的第三个人”。赫斯作为最早的社会主义者，对共产主义运动的贡献十分重要，他率先将费尔巴哈人本学异化应用于社会领域，并通过提出货币异化尝试建立人与人之间的联系。受赫斯思想影响，马克思将“交往异化”与“劳动异化”相结合，建立新的异化思想，完成对赫斯异化思想的超越。Franz Mehring, a famous German socialist scholar, once pointed out that “Hess lacked neither talent nor diligence, nor even justice and integrity; those days, he sometimes seemed to be the third person in the alliance of Engels and Marx.” As an early socialist, Hess’s contribution to the Communist movement is very significant. He was the first to apply Feuerbach’s anthropological alienation to the social field and tried to establish a connection between people by proposing monetary alienation. Under the influence of Hess’s thought, Marx combined “communication alienation” with “labor alienation” to establish a new alienation thought and completed the transcendence of Hess’s alienation thought.