Selective Integration of Waste-Derived Glass Nanopowders in Structural Wall Concrete: Improving Thermal Efficiency and Elasto-Mechanical Properties for Sustainable Construction

Concrete, as a primary construction material, faces significant environmental and performance challenges, including high carbon emissions and limited thermal comfort, particularly in structural applications. This study investigates the integration of waste-derived glass nanopowder (GNP) as a sustainable additive to enhance the thermal and mechanical performance of eco-concrete. The research aims to optimize thermal comfort and structural efficiency for wall applications while promoting environmental sustainability. Using analytical homogenization models, the elasto-thermo-mechanical behavior of nano-reinforced concrete (RC) is evaluated. The Maxwell–Eucken model is employed to assess thermal conductivity, while the Luo model determines the elastic properties, accounting for the three-dimensional behavior of wall structures. The results indicate that incorporating a 30% volume fraction of GNP enhances thermal conductivity by nearly 15%, increases thermal resistance by 25%, and significantly reduces thermal expansion and the thermal transmittance coefficient (Uhom) by 30% and 25%, respectively. Additionally, the elastic properties are shown to adjust proportionally to the nanopowder content, ensuring compatibility with structural demands. These findings underline the potential of GNP as an efficient and sustainable additive for advanced structural applications, particularly in energy-efficient wall systems, contributing to the advancement of eco-friendly civil engineering practices.