An Experimental Investigation into the Performance of Concrete and Mortar with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Printed Circuit Board (PCB) E-Waste

The increasing accumulation of E-waste presents significant environmental challenges, particularly its disposal and resource management. The present study investigates the potential of printed circuit boards (PCBs) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in cement mortar and concrete. The replacement levels of PCBs ranged from 0 to 35 wt% in cement mortar and from 0 to 30 wt% in concrete, aiming to improve the qualities of both mixes. The specimens were cured for 7 and 28 days, respectively, followed by tests to evaluate the flowability and static mechanical properties. The performance of the developed mortar/concrete was analyzed under aggressive environmental conditions by conducting various durability tests. Properties such as acoustic and thermal conductivity were also evaluated to check the suitability of the developed material for its multifunctionality. Test results revealed that the optimal replacement percentages of fine aggregate by PCBs in mortar and concrete mixes were 25 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively. A decline in mechanical properties was observed after a further increase in replacement level. The results demonstrate the feasibility of E-waste integration in cement and mortar as a sustainable waste management solution.