Blood Indicators and Hemoglobin Analysis Among Dialysis Patients in Basrah City, Iraq

Individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience various complications, one of the most prominent of which is anemia. Additionally, elevated levels of creatinine, urea, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and low red blood cell counts are often observed. This study focused on examining blood markers in individuals with CKD undergoing dialysis and comparing them with those of a healthy control group. Samples were randomly collected from patients and control groups. One hundred and two (102) samples were collected from a group of 77 CKD patients, including 39 males and 38 females. The age group was divided into three categories: 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 years and older, of which 25 were from the control group. Significant decreases were observed in red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in dialysis patients compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet count (PLT). Dialysis patients showed significantly higher creatinine, urea, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels compared to the control group. The highest mean MCV was recorded in the 20-39 age group, followed by the 40-59 and the ≥60 age groups. Creatinine levels peaked in the 40-59 age group, with declining levels in the other age groups. Urea, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels did not show significant age-related variation. Male dialysis patients had higher mean urea levels than females. Females showed lower creatinine levels compared to males. Ferritin and C-reactive protein levels did not differ significantly by sex. In conclusion, the study highlighted significant changes in blood parameters and kidney function indices in dialysis patients compared to healthy controls. The study also identified age- and sex-related differences, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and personalized management for chronic kidney failure patients undergoing dialysis. Individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience various complications, one of the most prominent of which is anemia. Additionally, elevated levels of creatinine, urea, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and low red blood cell counts are often observed. This study focused on examining blood markers in individuals with CKD undergoing dialysis and comparing them with those of a healthy control group. Samples were randomly collected from patients and control groups. One hundred and two (102) samples were collected from a group of 77 CKD patients, including 39 males and 38 females. The age group was divided into three categories: 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 years and older, of which 25 were from the control group. Significant decreases were observed in red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in dialysis patients compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet count (PLT). Dialysis patients showed significantly higher creatinine, urea, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels compared to the control group. The highest mean MCV was recorded in the 20-39 age group, followed by the 40-59 and the ≥60 age groups. Creatinine levels peaked in the 40-59 age group, with declining levels in the other age groups. Urea, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels did not show significant age-related variation. Male dialysis patients had higher mean urea levels than females. Females showed lower creatinine levels compared to males. Ferritin and C-reactive protein levels did not differ significantly by sex. In conclusion, the study highlighted significant changes in blood parameters and kidney function indices in dialysis patients compared to healthy controls. The study also identified age- and sex-related differences, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and personalized management for chronic kidney failure patients undergoing dialysis.