A Comparative Analysis of STEM Education Initiatives in the Philippines and Taiwan

Implementing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education in the education system is fundamental to strengthening students' skills and capabilities. This study analyzed the initiatives implemented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education in the Philippines and Taiwan based on the research objectives of this study. A qualitative research design employing a comparative review was used to analyze the data critically. Selected published research in policy documents and program reports in STEM education initiatives in the Philippines and Taiwan from 2016 to 2024 was analyzed. The study found that the Philippines' STEM initiatives in policy implementation are to strengthen STEM education in the basic curriculum, while in Taiwan, they are to enhance scientific literacy and promote STEM careers. Regarding student outcomes, both countries have utilized assessment methods to showcase the various strategies used to examine students' performance. It was also noted that the Philippines and Taiwan have advanced in STEM education but experience diverse gaps. Based on the significant findings, the researchers concluded that Taiwan and the Philippines have committed to strengthening and advancing their STEM education implementation and demonstrated promising improvement opportunities. Thus, continually enhancing curriculum relevance and strengthening teacher professional development will make the implementation of STEM education robust in both countries' educational systems.