Profile of hospitalizations for malaria in Brazil from 2014 to 2023

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. In Brazil, the disease is most prevalent in the Amazon Region, where most cases and hospitalizations occur. Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria remains a significant public health challenge, potentially progressing to severe and fatal forms if not diagnosed and treated promptly. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of hospital morbidity and mortality due to malaria in Brazil between 2014 and 2023. For this purpose, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using data extracted from the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH/SUS). The collected data were tabulated and statistically analyzed to identify patterns of hospitalizations, deaths, and associated factors. During the study period, n=19135 hospitalizations for malaria were recorded in Brazil, with a predominance in the North Region (n=15994), followed by the Midwest (n=1054), Northeast (n=985), Southeast (n=802), and South (n=300). In the same period, 160 deaths from malaria occurred, with most also concentrated in the North Region (n=105). The highest mortality rate was observed in the Southeast Region (2.37%), followed by the South (2,0%) and Northeast (1,83%). Most hospitalizations occurred among males (n=10413), with a predominance in the 20-29 age group (n=4355). Regarding ethnic classification, the mixed-race population was the most affected (n=11147), followed by individuals with no information on race/color (n=4799) and the indigenous population (n=1185). Concerning etiological agents, most hospitalizations were caused by Plasmodium vivax (n=12105), followed by unspecified malaria cases (n=3377) and Plasmodium falciparum infections (n=2870). The total cost of hospitalizations for malaria during the period was approximately R$7 billion, with the North Region accounting for the largest share of expenses approximately R$5 billion. The study results show that despite control efforts, malaria remains a significant cause of hospital morbidity and mortality in Brazil, especially in the North Region. The data reinforce the need for effective public policies to reduce transmission, expand access to timely diagnosis and treatment, and implement targeted actions for vulnerable groups.