FEATURES OF THE REALIZATION OF VALENCES IN LIQUIDATIVE VERBS WITH THE PREFIX RAZ- IN SYNCHRONY AND THE NEAREST DIACHRONY

The article discusses the syntactic properties — mainly valency — of several verbs with the meaning of liquidation of the result of an action with the prefix raz- in synchrony and the nearest diachrony. The class of liquidative verbs is quite extensive and amenable to internal classification. In this paper, attention is focused on verbs from the subclass with the meaning of ‘to release from the cover’: to undress, to unwrap, to untangle, to unwind, to take off. The aim of the study is to identify whether the syntactic behavior of these verbs 150–200 years ago differed from the modern one. In the modern Russian literary language, the verbs in question have features in the implementation of valences: the liquidatives ‘to undress’ and ‘to take off’ have an inexpressible valence Shell (*to undress a jacket, *to take off boots), while the liquidatives ‘to unravel’, ‘to untangle’ and ‘to unwrap’ cannot realize the valence of the Patient and the Shell at the same time (*to unravel a child from a shawl, etc.). The analysis showed that that in the nearest diachrony, the syntactic behavior of only one verb — the verb ‘to undress’ — coincided with the modern one. Other liquidatives considered were able to realize all their valences at the same time (“She was unwrapped from sheep’s skins”, etc.).