Exploring the Immune Response to <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 Vaccines in Dialysis and Transplant Patients

The findings suggest dialysis patients respond better to vaccination, while KTRs experience impaired immune responses. Within dialysis patients, BMI, dialysis duration, and hypertension influenced antibody response. Monitoring post-vaccination immune responses in KTRs may help identify non-responders, who could benefit from alternative vaccination strategies or adjustments in immunosuppressive therapy. This study was approved by the University Malaya Medical Centre Medical Research Ethics Committee (UMMC-MREC), Approval No: 202131-9888.