Integrating IoT technologies for monitoring and managing urban civil defense shelters

In the current context of martial law and increased technological risks, the development of intelligent civil defense systems is becoming particularly relevant. This research is dedicated to the development of a comprehensive solution based on IoT technologies for monitoring and managing bomb shelters within urban infrastructure. An architecture for a distributed system is proposed, combining advanced sensor network technologies, reliable communication protocols, and intelligent data processing algorithms. The main scientific contribution of this work is the development of a holistic approach to creating a stable and effective monitoring infrastructure that considers the specific requirements for operation in extreme conditions. The system integrates a network of highly sensitive sensors to control microclimate parameters, including temperature, humidity, air composition, and radiation levels, as well as advanced methods for monitoring occupancy based on PIR sensors. An important aspect of the research is the development of a hybrid communication infrastructure that combines the advantages of different data transmission technologies to ensure system reliability in conditions of potential interference, including electronic warfare means. Special attention is paid to energy efficiency – the proposed adaptive power management algorithms allow for autonomous system operation over a prolonged period. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a unified mathematical model for evaluating system reaction time, the creation of innovative load balancing algorithms under conditions of limited communication channel bandwidth, and the implementation of predictive analytics mechanisms for early detection of potential threats. The practical value of the research is manifested in its potential implementation by civil defense authorities, urban infrastructure developers, and security system manufacturers to create effective population protection systems in modern conditions.