Building integration models for the efficiency of managing complex fixed-budget IT projects

The article presents a study of the integration of Agile and Waterfall methodologies in managing complex fixed-budget IT projects. The complexity of such projects is due to the need to combine strict budget and deadline constraints with the need to adapt to changing implementation conditions. The authors analyzed the main problems of using traditional management methodologies in such projects, in particular, the lack of flexibility of Waterfall and the difficulties with cost control in Agile. An approach to creating a hybrid management model is proposed, which combines the structure of the Waterfall approach with the flexibility and adaptability of Agile methodologies. The model includes mechanisms for planning, resource management, monitoring task performance, and decision-making in the context of a changing environment. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between key stakeholders (customers, development teams, project managers) and their influence on decision-making processes. To ensure effective management, a mathematical model is proposed that allows optimizing resource allocation, project stage planning, and budget compliance control. Simulation studies were conducted to assess the impact of various stakeholder interaction scenarios on project effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrated the advantages of the proposed approach in achieving project goals under conditions of limited resources and high dynamics of the external environment. Modern programming technologies were used to implement the developed models and test their effectiveness, in particular, Python libraries, which provide flexibility in modeling and analyzing large amounts of data. The results of the study indicate that the integration of Agile and Waterfall into one hybrid model allows improving the quality of fixed-budget IT project management, while ensuring adaptability to changes and clear control over resources. The proposed approaches can be used to manage complex projects in various fields of information technology, which makes them promising for widespread implementation.