PROSPECTS FOR DEEPENING INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF BIOECONOMY DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL TRAPS VS INSTITUTIONAL COLLISIONS

The purpose of the study is to determine the substantive features of the bioeconomy as an environment for implementing international economic cooperation in the context of the institutionalization of the green agenda. The bioeconomy paradigm rethinks the traditional economy based on fossil fuels and limited resources. With the emergence of new political and economic incentives, new enterprises in the bioeconomy sector began to actively form, which prompted many countries to develop specific programs, strategies and approaches to stimulate it. Institutionally, the concept of bioeconomy was first proposed in the form of the concept of a knowledge-based bioeconomy - as a vision for the development of the European bioeconomy by 2030. The aim of this concept was to combine economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability through the implementation of circular bioinnovations that take into account climate neutrality, environmental efficiency, safety and social acceptability within planetary boundaries. Subsequently, this approach was supported by international organizations, which also proposed official programs to promote the bioeconomy. There are different approaches to the bioeconomy in academia that consider resources, processes, and implications for economic and biophysical systems. One approach classifies the bioeconomy into the following categories: bioresources, which include products created from biomass; biotechnology, which concerns innovations in the life sciences; and bioecology, which is based on sustainable processes and sustainable products. Other classifications divide the bioeconomy into an ecological economy that is compatible with the limits of the biosphere, an economy based on science and industrial biotechnology, and a biomass-based economy. Additional approaches offer a vision of the bioeconomy through socio-technical regimes, including a biotechnological bioeconomy that focuses on health, food, and the industrialization of living systems, and a biomass-based bioeconomy that aims to replace oil with biomass. Since 2012, the European Union has been implementing a strategy that combines the economy with natural resources for sustainable growth. Since then, a number of countries around the world have actively promoted the development of bioeconomy activities at the national level. These include the Netherlands, Sweden, the United States, Malaysia, South Africa, Germany, Finland, France, as well as Brazil and China, which have implemented their national programs or included the bioeconomy in state planning. The acute problem remains the coordination of various bioeconomy participants with different interests and goals in implementing the strategy, which brings the problem of effective management to the forefront. Against this background, the development of the bioeconomy is stimulated by the increasingly active participation of interregional and international organizations, which will allow coordinating the desire of countries for regionalization and specialization to achieve the goals of bioeconomy strategies.