Histopathologic Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Biopsies with Risk Factor Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders are a major common problem with morbidity and mortality. The disorders can cause inflammatory and neoplastic changes in the GIT. Endoscopy and biopsy, in combination, play a central role in the early diagnosis and management of the disease. This research study carried out the histopathological evaluation of GIT endoscopic biopsies and risk factor analysis. A total of 171 endoscopic biopsies were examined in this prospective study. The received formalin-fixed tissues were processed for histopathology analysis in the department of pathology through Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and slides were mounted using Dibutylphthalate Polystyrene Xylene (DPX). Additional sections were stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain to observe adenocarcinoma. The gastric neoplastic changes incidence among patients with endoscopic biopsies sample was about 9 (5.3%), others diagnosis with Helicobacter Pylori 18 (10.5%), congestion 8 (4.7%), candida 8 (4.7%), and normal or non-neoplastic 128 (74.9%). The diagnosed malignancies were adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The diagnosed histopathology of the endoscopy biopsy samples was found to be mostly chronic gastritis and also neoplastic changes. Therefore, endoscopy with a biopsy of histopathology can be useful in diagnosing GIT disease. Further studies required with more cases with clinical data could be helpful for this research. Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal tract, Gastritis, H. pylori