MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND IN HIGH-ALTITUDE CONDITIONS IN AN EXTREME SITUATION (Literature review)

The aim of this work is to analyze the literature from the CIS and foreign countries to study the structure of the pituitary gland in high-altitude conditions during extreme situations. This article presents a literature review on the issue of changes in the morphological structure of the pituitary gland during experimental myocardial infarction in animals at different stages of mountain adaptation. It discusses the following topics: the issue of mountain sickness (hypoxia), adaptation, and readaptation to it; changes in the morphological structure of the pituitary gland, acute myocardial infarction, the tropism of pituitary hormones to the endocrine system, and their overall effect on the body. With the development of civilization, population growth is occurring, and more and more people are traveling to high-altitude areas for work, tourism, and other reasons. At the same time, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing, and myocardial infarction has become a significant problem in the modern world. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. After experiencing a myocardial infarction, the recovery of heart function may depend on the condition of the pituitary gland. For example, normalizing cortisol and vasopressin levels may help improve patient outcomes, reduce the risk of recurrent infarctions, and enhance survival. The aim of this study is to analyze literature sources, summarize the gathered information, and draw conclusions regarding this issue. A review of literature from the CIS countries and abroad was conducted to study, summarize, and evaluate the problem of pituitary structure under highaltitude conditions in extreme situations. The literature review revealed that this research topic is relevant and important for contemporary medicine. There is a significant lack of information on the effect of high-altitude environments on the pituitary gland during myocardial infarction. The findings of this study will be used to develop practical guidelines for students of medical and biological universities, as well as for recommendations in clinical medicine.