VISSIM-Based assessment of road performance under proposed bicycle lane scenarios: Case study Adi Sumarno Road in Karangayar

The integration of bicycle infrastructure into existing road networks presents significant challenges for urban transportation planners, particularly in developing countries where road space is limited. This study assesses the impact of implementing dedicated bicycle lanes on road performance using VISSIM microsimulation modeling, taking Adi Sumarmo Road in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia as a case study. The methodology involved comprehensive data collection followed by VISSIM model development, calibration, and validation through GEH statistics and MAPE values. Two scenarios were evaluated: Type A (protected on-road) and Type B (sidewalk) bicycle lanes. The microsimulation results revealed that both scenarios would maintain acceptable road performance levels. Type A implementation showed minimal changes in average travel speed (from 40 km/h to 39 km/h) and travel time (maintained at 44 seconds), with a degree of saturation increase from 0.22 to 0.30. Type B demonstrated slightly better performance with average speeds of 39.4 km/h and a lower degree of saturation of 0.29. These findings suggest that dedicated bicycle infrastructure can be successfully implemented on urban arterial roads without significantly compromising traffic flow performance, with sidewalk-level facilities offering particular advantages.