EXPLORING CAUSES OF SECTARIAN VIOLENCE TARGETING HAZARA SHIA COMMUNITY IN QUETTA, PAKISTAN

Sectarian violence in Pakistan has become increasingly frequent and violent, posing a danger to national security. The objective of this study was to explore the perspective of the Hazara Shia Muslim community regarding sectarian violence in the city of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. This study focused on religious, political, economic, and social causes. Using social identity theory as a theoretical foundation and a purposive sampling technique, primary data was collected from a sample of 50 Hazara Shia Muslim community members residing in Quetta who had directly experienced sectarian violence. This study found that the Hazara community is targeted due to their recognisable facial features. It identifies factors contributing to sectarian violence, including ethnic, religious, and economic tensions, alongside external influences from Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan. The study highlights the need for government intervention at both provincial and federal levels to promote harmony. This research not only highlights the specific vulnerabilities of the Hazara community but also calls for comprehensive strategies aimed at promoting peace and stability in the region. Furthermore, it advocates for further research involving larger samples to develop effective approaches to conflict resolution and community building.