Enhancing wheat yield (Triticum durum Desf.) through the application of TiO2, ZnO, FexOx, and Ag nanoparticles to agricultural land

Abstract As the world’s population continues to grow, the demand for food is also rising. To meet this demand, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has proposed using nanoparticles (NPs) as a new tool for agriculture. Compared to traditional agrochemical fertilizers, NPs are more efficient and environmentally friendly. Studies have shown that NPs can improve soil quality and increase crop yields. To evaluate the effectiveness of four types of NPs–TiO 2 , ZnO, Fe x O x , and Ag–on the properties of a Samayoa C2004 wheat crop, a field experiment was conducted in southeastern Coahuila state, Mexico. The experiment involved planting a dose of 140 kg ha −1 in plots of 9 m 2 (divided by 6 m 2 borders), with a dose of NPs set at 200 g ha −1 . The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey test ( p ≤ 0.05) in Minitab18 software. The study results showed that the ZnO–NPs treatment increased the yield compared to the values reported by Mexico’s National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP) in the same cycle. The soil biomass was also increased compared to the other treatments, which is attributed to the beneficial properties of the ZnO-NPs. In conclusion, this study found that ZnO-NPs were the most effective treatment for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield under field conditions in semiarid soil.