Current Research on Relevant Risk Factors Associated with Colorectal Polyp Development

结直肠息肉的存在会导致接结直肠癌的发生，它的存在不是由单一因素发展而来，通常是多种原因共同作用。研究证实年龄、性别、遗传因素(如家族性腺瘤性息肉病等遗传综合征)、生活方式(高脂低纤维饮食、吸烟、饮酒)、肥胖及代谢综合征(如糖尿病)是结直肠息肉发生的重要诱因。此外，肠道菌群失调、心理因素也被认为可能影响息肉的发生与发展。尽管内镜筛查和早期干预可降低癌变风险，但针对不同人群的危险因素分层及个性化防控策略仍需进一步探索。未来研究应结合多组学技术，总结并归纳相关危险因素，为临床防治创造更全面、更细致的一系列举措。Colorectal polyps may progress to colorectal cancer through multifactorial pathogenesis rather than a single causative mechanism. And their development is associated with multiple risk factors. Current studies indicate that age, gender, genetic factors (such as hereditary syndromes including familial adenomatous polyposis), lifestyle (e.g., high-fat low-fiber diet, smoking, alcohol consumption), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (e.g., diabetes) are significant contributors to the formation of colorectal polyps. Additionally, gut microbiota dysbiosis and psychological factors are also considered potential influences on polyp initiation and progression. Although endoscopic screening and early intervention can reduce the risk of malignant transformation, risk stratification and personalized prevention strategies for different populations require further exploration. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying colorectal polyp formation, thereby providing novel targets for clinical prevention and treatment.