MODERN SOIL CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES: COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY AND CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION

The article analyzes modern soil cultivation systems: conventional (plow-based), minimal, and no-till (No-Till) technologies. Their key features, advantages, and disadvantages are examined from agrotechnical, economic, and environmental perspectives. Special attention is paid to no-till technology, which significantly reduces fuel costs, minimizes machinery wear, and decreases soil erosion by preserving crop residues on the field surface. Comparative data on tillage depth, number of operations, soil cover with plant residues, fuel consumption, and other parameters are provided. It is noted that each technology has its limitations and optimal conditions for application. For example, conventional tillage is effective on heavy soils and in highly weedy fields, while no-till is most promising in arid regions but requires adapted machinery and precise agronomic management. The research findings can assist agricultural producers in selecting optimal soil cultivation methods based on soil-climatic conditions and economic feasibility.