Prevalence of Vitamin B1 Deficiency Associated with Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients: Systematic Review and Mmeta-analysis

Obesity is a chronic disease causing physical and mental health, leading to the rise of bariatric surgery as a treatment method. However, this increases the risk of nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin B1. Evaluate the pre- and post-surgical prevalence of vitamin B1 deficiency in bariatric surgery patients. A literature search was performed using EBSCO, PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases from 2014 to 2024. Three investigators independently selected publications and data were extracted into a matrix. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the CASP and Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist. Statistical analyses were conducted using R software. The review included 16 studies, of which 3,384 patients undergoing bariatric surgery were included and 2702 individuals with vitamin B1 deficiency. The prevalence of preoperative deficiency is 18%, and postoperative deficiency is 17% in 3 months, decreasing to 8% in 12 months. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy showed postoperative prevalences of 12 and 4%, respectively. The most frequent comorbidities reported were DM-II, hypertension and dyslipidemias. Vitamin B1 deficiency associated with bariatric surgeries showed considerable pre-operative prevalence values, which decreased in the postoperative period due to strategies such as supplementation, favoring reduced adverse events and complications.