An overview on use of Nerium oleander flowers in green synthesis of nanoparticles

Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of nanoparticles of different metals, revealing the significance of plant extracts in reducing metal ions to nanoparticles and their applications across scientific domains. This article reviews the current developments in green synthesis, focusing on the use of Nerium oleander flower extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents for metal nanoparticles such as silver, iron,iron oxide and zinc oxide. Green synthesis offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods, resulting in nanoparticles with enhanced biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. In addition, the paper investigates the phytochemicals found in Nerium oleander flowers that lead to the formation of nanoparticles and elaborates on the multifaceted applications of these green-synthesized nanomaterials across fields, such as biomedicine, catalysis, and environmental science. Through a focus on the advantages and possibilities of this plant-based synthesis technique, its importance in the wider context of nanoparticle synthesis and its role in a more sustainable nanotechnology future is highlighted. Research has demonstrated that these green-synthesized nanoparticles possess significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and catalytic activities, with potential applications in medicine, environmental remediation, and industry. In conclusion, plant-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles represents a promising approach for developing advanced materials that address global health and sustainability challenges.