Comparative analysis of labor market models during changes

The mechanisms of labor market adaptation to changes have specific features in different countries, which determines adaptation speed and quality. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of labor market models implemented in different country conditions and adaptation mechanisms to modern changes, as well as to formulate recommendations for improving the regulation tools in the Russian labor market. The objectives are to examine the specifics of the European and Russian labor market regulation models; to analyze the adaptation tools in the implementation of different labor market models, to substantiate their advantages and disadvantages; to formulate recommendations for improving the adaptability of the Russian model of labor market regulation during the changes. The study was carried out using the methods of comparative analysis, induction and deduction, systematization, economic analysis, graphical method, and logical method. This study analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of labor market key models. The study compares labor market adaptation mechanisms to modern developmental changes, using Germany, France, Italy, and Russia as examples to analyze European and Russian models. The authors identify vulnerable areas of the European labor market model under various country conditions. The specifics of the applied adaptation tools of the Russian labor market to the changes in the economic situation are revealed. Analysis of 2019–2023 data revealed that the European labor market model lacked the flexibility of the Russian model. It was determined that structural challenges and the need for greater flexibility to changes are characteristic of all the countries under study. The study substantiates that Germany’s European labor market model proves effective due to its varied adjustment tools and experience with flexible adaptation schemes for economic changes, showing a stronger correlation with real economic activity. The report proposes recommendations for mitigating problems in the Russian labor market and increasing its flexibility amidst economic change.