The Origin, Domestication, and Global Spread of Cannabis (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>)

This study systematically reviews the entire process of cannabis from its origins in Central Asia to its global spread. The research notes that cannabis originated in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent and was initially domesticated in East Asia, then gradually spread globally due to its unique phytochemical properties and its uses in textiles and medicine. A case study of the “ Indica ” variety, Cannabis sativa  subsp. indica  var. afghanica, illustrates the specific adaptation processes driven by natural selection in response to local climatic conditions, as well as the impact of human migration and trade networks on the spread of this variety. By examining historical records and legal changes regarding cannabis in different regions, this study explores how cannabis adapts to different cultures and environments and analyzes the impact of various legal frameworks on the spread of cannabis. Furthermore, the study discusses how modern technologies like genetic editing and systematic breeding play roles in optimizing cannabis traits. This research not only reveals the complexity of cannabis as a plant but also reflects its significance as an economic and medicinal resource on a global scale.