BlockChain-Based Decentralized FIR Registration and Monitoring System: Enhancing Transparency and Security in Law Enforcement

The criminal investigation foundation in numerous worldwide legal systems operates through First Information Reports (FIRs).Standardized centralized FIR management systems encounter several major problems because they allow data tampering and unauthorized access and lack transparency and are not effective for tracking purposes.This research develops a decentralized FIR filing and monitoring system built on blockchain technology to deal with existing system limitations.The system implements Ethereum blockchain smart contracts which maintain unalterable FIR records with complete transparency and secure status monitoring benefits for all interested parties.A role-based access control system forms the basis of the architecture which provides suitable access privileges for citizens alongside law enforcement personnel and judicial personnel.Transaction throughput along with security and operational efficiency act as significant metrics that show better performance than traditional centralized systems according to performance evaluation.The solution's deployment brought three major benefits including decreased exposure to tampering incidents coupled with increased process transparency and heightened police service quality which collectively constitute a major advancement in criminal justice system e-governance.