The versatility of a lab-scale aquaponic system for teaching and learning mechanical engineering education

Sustainability is increasingly central to engineering education, with aquaponic systems offering a practical model of sustainable practice. Aquaponics system integrates fish and plant cultivation in a symbiotic environment, requiring a broad spectrum of engineering competencies, including computer-aided design (CAD), electronics, and embedded control systems. This paper presents the design and implementation of a laboratory-scale aquaponic system as a pedagogical tool for teaching mechanical and interdisciplinary engineering concepts. Students begin with ergonomic design considerations, incorporating features such as nutrient dispensers, modular plant beds, and a rack-and-pinion mechanism for irrigation. The design process evolves from hand-drawn sketches to detailed CAD models, which are subsequently realised through 3D printing. The completed system is tested and refined to ensure functionality. To demonstrate its educational value, three experimental case studies are presented, each aligned with core mechanical engineering topics. A mapping of these learning outcomes to standard mechanical engineering modules is provided, alongside reflections on student engagement and learning. Beyond technical skill development, the project fosters an appreciation for sustainable engineering solutions in agriculture, offering a hands-on, interdisciplinary learning experience.