Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass: a cross-sectional study

Kinesiophobia is highly prevalent and multifactorial in post-cardiopulmonary bypass patients. Healthcare providers should prioritize patients with the above risk profiles, while also establishing financial/emotional support systems, improving patient-family communication, optimizing acute pain management, implementing Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery protocols, and leveraging technology to design rehabilitation programs. These measures may reduce kinesiophobia and maximize the benefits of early ambulation.