Association of Down Syndrome with Morphology and Anomalies of Teeth: A Concise Narrative Review

Trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), a genetic condition marked by unique dental and craniofacial abnormalities. Oral function, appearance, and general quality of life are all greatly impacted by these abnormalities. An example of this tendency is seen in cases where DS children erupt their first molar at 8 years and 9 months as opposed to the average rise in age between 6 and 8 years. The most prevalent kind of consequence for individuals with Down syndrome who have unfavorable diseases of the middle part of their faces is facial deformities. This review investigates the relationship between DS and dental anomalies, with a focus on tooth morphology, number, eruption patterns, and structural defects. It seeks to summarize existing studies, point out knowledge gaps, and emphasize therapeutic implications for oral healthcare. Databases like PubMed and Google Scholar were used to assess peer-reviewed literature. Included were studies on dental abnormalities in DS, such as hypodontia, microdontia, delayed eruption, enamel hypoplasia, and malocclusions, that were published between 2000 and 2025.A characteristic of DS is dental abnormalities, which call for specialist oral therapy to address both functional and cosmetic issues. Improving results requires multidisciplinary care, individualized treatment programs, and early diagnosis and action. General colonization, dental health, and other medical issues are all positively impacted by dental surgery. In contrast to simpler cognitive subjects, IQ might occasionally demonstrate a reduced ability to handle more complicated cognitive activities. To investigate genetic causes and create focused management plans, more research is required.