Evaluation of the toxic effect of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the health and reproduction of mammals: Case of the female rat (Rattus norvegicus) of the Wistar strain

Kalach 360 SL, a glyphosate-based herbicide used in agriculture in Côte d'Ivoire, is effective against weeds and improves crop yields. According to the UPL group, Kalach 360 SL is classified as low-hazard. However, evidence of the toxicity of the active ingredient (glyphosate) has been provided by some authors. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Kalach 360 SL on mammalian health. Thirty-two rats, divided into four groups of eight, were used. The control group received distilled water. The other three groups received 0.1 mL, 0.2 mL, and 0.3 mL of Kalach 360 SL orally, corresponding to 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw of glyphosate per day for 60 days. The results revealed a significant increase in relative liver mass. The relative mass of the kidney decreased significantly. The mass of the ovary decreased, unlike the mass of the uterine horn, which increased. The biochemical study revealed a significant increase in the serum concentration of ALAT, ASALT, Cholesterol, Creatinine and Urea. A decrease in the serum concentration of Total Protein was observed. Hormonal parameters revealed a decrease in the concentration of FSH and Progesterone. An increase in the concentration of Estradiol was observed. The histological study of the liver and kidney showed structural alterations within these organs. The histological study of the ovary and uterine horn revealed structural and functional alterations of these organs. These alterations are characterized by tissue lesions and necrosis. The daily use of this herbicide would present dangers to health and reproductive function.