Prevention of gonadotoxicity of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin by stem cell secretom therapy

Introduction. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of treating common/metastatic forms of malignant diseases. A commonly used chemotherapy drug is Cisplatin, a significant side effect of which is a toxic effect on organs with high proliferative potential, including the testicles, which can lead to severe disorders of spermatogenesis, androgen deficiency and infertility. The aim of the study. To study the possibility of preventing Cisplatin gonadotoxicity using Cellex therapy, which refers to drugs containing products of stem cell secretion. Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted on 45 male mongrel rats: Series 1 – intraperitoneal cisplatin administration at a dose of 5 mg/ kg, Series 2 – cisplatin administration at a dose of 7 mg/ kg, Series 3 – cisplatin administration at a dose of 5 mg/ kg during therapy with Cellex (0.1 mg/ kg intramuscularly daily for 10 days), 4 series – the introduction of Cisplatin at a dose of 7 mg / kg with Cellex therapy as in 3 series. After 3, 7, and 14 days, the concentration of testosterone in the blood was determined, and after 14 days, the testicles were removed, followed by their histological and morphometric examination. Results. In the 1st and 2nd series, the development of testicular hypoplasia with a decrease in their mass by 15% was revealed with pronounced disorders of spermatogenesis, manifested in a decrease in the diameter and cross-sectional area of the seminal tubules, layers of the germinal epithelium and the number of Sertoli cells per 100 mcm of the basement membrane. At the same time, in the 2nd series, the appearance of destroyed tubules and groups of tubules completely devoid of epithelial lining was revealed. In the 3rd and 4th series, the histological picture approached normal, although the morphometric parameters still did not reach normal values. In group 4, the proportion of destroyed and emptied tubules was significantly less than in group 2. The level of testosterone in the blood of rats decreased starting from day 3 in group 1 and on day 1 in group 2 and remained significantly reduced until the end of the follow-up, whereas in groups 3 and 4 it remained within normal limits at all times. Conclusion. Cellex therapy can significantly reduce the toxic effect of Cisplatin on the testicle, while maintaining active spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis. Keywords: chemotherapy, cisplatin, spermatogenesis disorder, testosterone, cell therapy, cellex.