CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN – GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REVIEW, MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND ADAPTATION MEASURES

Purpose: Greenhouse gas emissions in Pakistan are primarily caused by the growing transportation sector, due to urbanization, population growth, and the country’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels. The paper examines existing greenhouse gas emissions in Pakistan’s transport sector, evaluates the present response strategies, and explores how Pakistan can adapt to climate change. Methodology: The article uses an analytical approach, based on a literature review. The approach taken is guided by the PRISMA framework and groups results from over 115 relevant articles and official reports. This paper presents how electric vehicles, alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG), and sustainable public transport help cut emissions. Findings: Findings show that working on all three aspects of technological development, policy changes, and infrastructure projects is necessary for reaching sustainable and resilient transportation in Pakistan. Research limitations and implications: The study was cross-sectional and covered a selected group of respondents, which may influence the generalization of the results. In the future, it would be beneficial to expand the analysis to include data from different markets and to study the long-term effects of implementing innovations in distribution logistics. Practical implications: The presented analysis is based on secondary materials, it outlines needed research and explains how its conclusions can be used in national policy and city management. Social implications: The final part of the paper includes policy recommendations and outlines where future research could be focused. Originality/Value: The article contributes to the literature on greenhouse gas emissions in Pakistan by presenting current trends and challenges.