The Recognition of the Independence and the Empire of Brazil The Foreign and Diplomatic Policy of the Holy See

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the diplomatic negotiations between the Holy See and Brazil regarding the recognition of Brazil’s independence and empire, which occurred from August 7, 1824, to January 23, 1826. The objective is to highlight the Holy See’s foreign and diplomatic policy, along with the numerous interests and challenges involved in the negotiations. This study contributes to the research on international relations between the Holy See and Brazil, as well as providing insight into the pontificate of Leo XII (1823-1829). Leo XII adopted a cautious and prudent strategy, opting to await reconciliation between King John VI and Emperor Pedro I. This approach aimed to safeguard the principle of legitimacy in foreign policy and respect the royal patronage of the King of Portugal. The diplomatic sources facilitating the development of this research were obtained from the Vatican Apostolic Archive, the Historical Archive “Propaganda Fide,” the Archive of the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and the Historical Archive of Itamaraty.