Electro-osmotic and magnetohydrodynamic flow of Maxwell nanofluid over Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium with Soret-Dufour effects

In this study, we investigate the potential impacts of the thermo-diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects on electro-osmotic flow of Maxwell nanofluid across the stretching sheet. Magnetic and electric field over Darcy-Forchheimer flow and chem-ical reaction are also included. This study is vital in areas such as microfluidics, medical applications, and thermal man-agement, where manipulating nanofluids under electromagnetic fields is essential. Through similarity transformation, the governing equations are turned into a collection of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The numerical results for the changed equations are obtained using the fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg technique with a shooting method. It has been established that if the Forchheimer number and electro-osmotic parameter increase, the velocity profile drops. As the dif-fusion-thermo effect grows so does the temperature profile. Similarly, the thermo-diffusion effect increases along with the concentration profile. The skin friction coefficient decreases by 10% and 23%, for the magnetic parameter increases from 0.4 to 2 and the Forchheimer number rises from 1 to 5, respectively. Additionally, with an increase in the Dufour number from 1.5 to 2, the Nusselt number decreases by 9%, while the Sherwood number increases by 33%. This research provides a more comprehensive analytical framework by integrating multiple physical effects such as Soret and Dufour effects, magnetic and electric fields, and porous media, thereby enhancing applications in microfluidic devices for precise fluid control, biomedical engineering for improved drug delivery and tissue engineering, thermal management for more efficient electronic cooling systems, environmental remediation for effective pollution control, and materials science for developing smart materials and nanocomposites.