Diagnosis and treatment of an unusual case with multiple intra-oral growths of neural tissue origin

A 27-year-old female patient in this case study had several growths along the lateral border and ventral surface of tongue. The patient also had multiple skin swellening and café au lait pigmentation. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplastic stratified squamous epithelium and proliferating fibrous tissue with chronic inflammatory infiltrates in the tongue growths. Immunohistochemical analysis using Sox 10, Ki67 and S100 markers confirmed high cellular proliferation and neural differentiation in the lesions, respectively. The findings led to the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type I (NF1). This case highlights the importance of considering NF1 in the differential diagnosis of oral neurofibromas, especially in patients with multiple skin manifestations, and emphasizes the need for regular follow-ups to monitor disease progression and manage potential complications.