Post-operative complications and rehabilitation challenges following total knee replacement: a case report

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a widely performed surgical procedure for advanced osteoarthritis (OA), aimed at relieving pain and restoring joint function. However, post-operative complications, including persistent pain, joint stiffness, and poor adherence to rehabilitation protocols, can impair functional recovery and quality of life. This case report describes a 56-year-old female, Mrs. Valarmathi, who presented with persistent right knee pain, stiffness, and mobility limitations following a TKR performed for severe OA. Clinical evaluation revealed reduced range of motion, muscle weakness, altered gait mechanics, kinesiophobia, and moderate depressive symptoms. Despite structured physiotherapy interventions involving cryotherapy, TENS, passive and active mobilization, and strengthening exercises, the patient's progress was hindered by poor home program compliance. Subsequent development of a suspected joint infection requiring aspiration further complicated her recovery. The case highlights the multifactorial challenges in post-TKR rehabilitation, including musculoskeletal impairments, psychosocial barriers, and lack of patient adherence. Early physiotherapy, patient education, psychological support, and close follow-up are essential to prevent complications and enhance functional outcomes. This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to TKR rehabilitation. Patient education and adherence to home exercises are critical to optimizing recovery and preventing avoidable setbacks.