Effect of anaerobic training on serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and role of PON1-L55M  polymorphism

Paraoxonase (PON) enzyme family (paraoxonase 1, 2 and 3) has antiatherosclerotic properties. The decreased PON1 enzyme activity (EA), PON1 level and PON1-L55M polymorphism (PON1P) are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Effects of anaerobic training on PON1 levels and the role of PON1P are unclear. In present study, the effects of anaerobic training on serum PON1 level, PON1EA, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subgroups’s paraoxonase activities (HDLPON1EA, HDL2PON1EA, HDL3PON1EA) as well as the role of PON1P were investigated. The trained male athletes group (handball, basketball, volleyball) (AG: n=36, age=20.56±2.42 years) and the control group (CG: n=39, age=22.26±3.44 years) participated in this study. The PON1 and HDL’s PON1 enzyme activities, the protein levels of PON1 enzyme and oxLDL levels and the PON1P (from genomic DNA samples) were determined. Serum PON1EA, HDLPON1EA, HDL2PON1EA and HDL3PON1EA enzyme activities of the athletic homozygous LL and M carrier (Mc) groups were not significantly different from sedentary, however the indicated enzyme activities of the athletic LL homozygous group were significantly higher than athletic Mc group (p<0.05). While the control genotype groups were compared, the control LL (CLL) genotype group had higher serum PON1EA (38.7%), HDLPON1EA (37.2%), HDL2PON1EA (41.9%) and HDL3PON1EA (33.1%) values than control Mc (CMc) genotype. These findings indicate that the genetically higher PON1EA and HDL and its subgroups PON1EA in LL genotype group may have an important role in the beneficial effects of anaerobic training. However the Mc genotype group was genetically negatively affected from anaerobic training, which is risk for atherosclerosis.