UJI AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.) PADA KANKER PARU SEL A549 DENGAN METODE PRESTRO BLUE

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in Indonesia, with a higher prevalence in men, primarily due to smoking. Cancer treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are often not entirely effective, carry the risk of side effects, and are expensive. Therefore, there is a need for safer and more effective alternatives. One promising natural material is avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.), which contain bioactive compounds such as phenolic triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. Previous research has shown that avocado seed extracts exhibit cytotoxic activity against several types of cancer cells, including colorectal and breast cancer. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract, water fraction, n - hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds against A549 lung cancer cells and to determine their IC50 values. The cytotoxicity test was conducted using the PrestoBlue method at concentrations of 7.81, 5.63, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm. The results indicate that the ethanol extract, water fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds exhibit weak cytotoxic activity (IC50 values of 571.20 µg/mL, 490.40 µg/mL, and 275.70 µg/mL, respectively). However, the n-hexane fraction demonstrates strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 86.60 µg/mL). This study highlights the potential of the n-hexane fraction as a more effective anticancer agent.